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The Tree The Eastern White Pine, the king of all trees east of the Mississippi, and upon which the lumber industry of the United States was founded, is a stately tree growing to a height of 100 to 150 feet and occasionally over 200 feet, and 3 to 6 feet in diameter. It has a straight trunk gradually tapering its full length with comparatively light straight limbs, and forming a rather open irregular top. The dark gray bark is deeply furrowed in long ridges. The needles are a bluish green 3 to 5 inches long, and are borne in bundles of five. The slender cones are from 5 to 10 inches long, usually curved and mature at the end of the second season. The white pines are very susceptible to the White Pine Blister Rust disease and large expenditures are made annually to combat the disease by destroying the alternate host, the wild currant and gooseberry bushes. Stands of this wonderful tree are gradually being depleted. From 1875 to 1895 sale of White Pine lumber made countless millionaires in the Lake States and New England. In 1873 a boom of White Pine logs containing 600 logs averaging 42 feet long and 4 feet in diameter. A million board feet of lumber, was taken from Muskegon, Michigan, to Chicago. Few of the larger specimens of this tree remain. In 1945 in Wisconsin a White Pine was found 140 ft high, with trunk circumference of 16 1/2 feet and containing 8,000 board feet of lumber. The tree was estimated to be about 400 years old. Common Names In Use Eastern White Pine (trade) Apple Pine Balsam Pin (N.C.) Canadian White Pine (trade) Cork Pine (Mich.) Minnesota White Pine (trade) Northern Pine (S.C. and trade) Pumpkin Pine (Mich. and trade) Sapling Pine Soft Cork White Pine (trade) Soft Minnesota White Pine (trade) Soft Pine (Pa.) Soft White Pine (trade) Spruce Pine (Tenn.) Weymouth Pine (Mass., S.C.) Wisconsin White Pine (trade) White Pine (Me., N.H., Vt., Mass., R.I., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., Ga., Ind., Ill., Wis., Mich., Ohio, Ontario, Nebr.) Eastern White Pine cone Eastern White Pine tree bark Growth Range The natural growth range of Eastern White Pine is from Newfoundland to Lake Winnipeg in the province of Manitoba, Canada, southward through eastern Minnesota to the south eastern section of Iowa; eastward through Wisconsin and Michigan with scattered stands in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio; from Maine southward through the New England states, and the Appalachians along the Allegheny Mountains as far south as northern Georgia. The Wood The heartwood of Eastern White Pine is a very light creamy brown or tan slightly tinged with red, turning somewhat darker after exposure to the air. The sapwood is usually narrow to medium wide and a creamy white or pale yellowish color. The texture is fine and very uniform, straight even grained, nonporous, soft, not stiff, with little or no figure. It seasons well with very little warping and is relatively free from resin. It is the carpenter’s delight as it is very easily worked,glued, carved and finished. It takes and holds paint well, nails easily but is only average in ability to hold screws and nails. Does not split easily in nailing. Stays in place when well seasoned. Uses The Eastern White Pine has long been famed for pattern making because of its clear uniform straight grain and soft fine texture. It has a very wide variety of uses from matches, sash, doors, general construction, signs, interior trim, shade and map rollers, caskets, wooden-ware and novelties, toys, dairy and poultry supplies, boxes, cabinet making, boot and shoe findings, conduits, dairy, poultry and apiary supplies and hundreds of other uses. Bibliography Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA -
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From the album: Eastern White Pine
The Eastern White Pine Cone with the scales beginning to lift and drop seeds.© CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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From the album: Eastern White Pine
Eastern White Pine lumber, used for flooring, sub-flooring or decking, tongue and grooved.© CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Trees are generally classed in two groups, namely, Softwoods or Conifers, and Hardwoods or Broadleafs. Those classed as softwoods usually have needle-like or scale-like leaves and on all but the junipers, some cedars, yews, and a few others, the “fruit” is a “cone” or ball of woody, overlapping closed scales, beneath each scale of which is enfolded one or more seeds. The “cone” of the junipers and yews is a small berry-like fruit within the pulp of which one or more seeds are enveloped. Because the leaves or “needles” of most of the conifers, except the Baldcypress and larches, remain on the tree for several years, the name “evergreen” is given this group. The botanical name for these plants is Gymnosperm. The softwoods are technically designated as nonporous woods usually having resin canals, which include only the wood of Gymnospermae. The softwood or conifer group of forest trees in the United States comprises 35 kinds of pines, 7 spruces, 3 larches or tamaracks, 4 hemlocks, 10 firs, 19 others, mostly cedars and cypresses, 4 yews and their relatives and 12 junipers, a total of 94 species. There is a total of about 845 native kinds of forest trees in the United States. In addition many exotic softwoods have been imported for ornamental and landscape purposes. The hardness or softness of the wood does not have any bearing upon its classification as a Softwood or a Hardwood tree. Some coniferous (softwood) trees are harder in texture than some hardwoods. Longleaf Pine and Pacific Yew wood are very much harder than many hardwoods. There is much similarity in texture, grain and color of many of the softwoods. The most important representatives of the soft wood group are included in this book. Bibliography Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA -
Milestone It's been a year since I started transferring the chapters of Shelly E. Schoonover's "American Woods" into our wiki. I started with the opening chapters and the Conifers section of the book. After much scanning, typing, and searching for open source images to help give the reader a more interesting view, I have finally installed the last conifer in the Conifers structured pages. Pacific Yew Wiki | Pacific Yew THEPATRIOTWOODWIKI.ORG Wiki What's Next Now, I'll be populating our wiki with The Hardwoods (Broadleafs) chapters of American Woods. I think these will be more interesting to our readers here on The Patriot Woodworker as you'll be familiar with the woods we use in our shops daily, we do prefer hardwoods for many of our projects don't we? I hope you'll drop by our Patriot Woodwiki and take a look at the hardwood trees as they are entered into our wiki. Enjoy! If you have not yet dropped by our wiki and taken a tour of our "Conifer" trees, you can see all the American Conifers indexed at this page. Wiki | The American Woods Project THEPATRIOTWOODWIKI.ORG Wiki
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