Trees are generally classed in two groups, namely, Softwoods or Conifers, and Hardwoods or Broadleafs. Those classed as softwoods usually have needle-like or scale-like leaves and on all but the junipers, some cedars, yews, and a few others, the “fruit” is a “cone” or ball of woody, overlapping closed scales, beneath each scale of which is enfolded one or more seeds. The “cone” of the junipers and yews is a small berry-like fruit within the pulp of which one or more seeds are enveloped. Because the leaves or “needles” of most of the conifers, except the Baldcypress and larches, remain on the tree for several years, the name “evergreen” is given this group. The botanical name for these plants is Gymnosperm. The softwoods are technically designated as nonporous woods usually having resin canals, which include only the wood of Gymnospermae.

The softwood or conifer group of forest trees in the United States comprises 35 kinds of pines, 7 spruces, 3 larches or tamaracks, 4 hemlocks, 10 firs, 19 others, mostly cedars and cypresses, 4 yews and their relatives and 12 junipers, a total of 94 species. There is a total of about 845 native kinds of forest trees in the United States. In addition many exotic softwoods have been imported for ornamental and landscape purposes.

The hardness or softness of the wood does not have any bearing upon its classification as a Softwood or a Hardwood tree. Some coniferous (softwood) trees are harder in texture than some hardwoods. Longleaf Pine and Pacific Yew wood are very much harder than many hardwoods. There is much similarity in texture, grain and color of many of the softwoods. The most important representatives of the soft wood group are included in this book.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names In Use

• Eastern White Pine (trade)

• Apple Pine

• Balsam Pin (N.C.)

• Canadian White Pine (trade)

• Cork Pine (Mich.)

• Minnesota White Pine (trade)

• Northern Pine (S.C. and trade)

• Pumpkin Pine (Mich. and trade)

• Sapling Pine

• Soft Cork White Pine (trade)

• Soft Minnesota White Pine (trade)

• Soft Pine (Pa.)

• Soft White Pine (trade)

• Spruce Pine (Tenn.)

• Weymouth Pine (Mass., S.C.)

• Wisconsin White Pine (trade)

• White Pine (Me., N.H., Vt., Mass., R.I., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., Ga., Ind., Ill., Wis., Mich., Ohio, Ontario, Nebr.)

_{Eastern White Pine cone}

_{Eastern White Pine tree bark}

Growth Range

The natural growth range of Eastern White Pine is from Newfoundland to Lake Winnipeg in the province of Manitoba, Canada, southward through eastern Minnesota to the south eastern section of Iowa; eastward through Wisconsin and Michigan with scattered stands in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio; from Maine southward through the New England states, and the Appalachians along the Allegheny Mountains as far south as northern Georgia.

The Wood

The heartwood of Eastern White Pine is a very light creamy brown or tan slightly tinged with red, turning somewhat darker after exposure to the air. The sapwood is usually narrow to medium wide and a creamy white or pale yellowish color. The texture is fine and very uniform, straight even grained, nonporous, soft, not stiff, with little or no figure. It seasons well with very little warping and is relatively free from resin. It is the carpenter’s delight as it is very easily worked,glued, carved and finished. It takes and holds paint well, nails easily but is only average in ability to hold screws and nails. Does not split easily in nailing. Stays in place when well seasoned.

_{49. Pinus Strobus L. H. by Romeyn B. Hough}

Uses

The Eastern White Pine has long been famed for pattern making because of its clear uniform straight grain and soft fine texture. It has a very wide variety of uses from matches, sash, doors, general construction, signs, interior trim, shade and map rollers, caskets, wooden-ware and novelties, toys, dairy and poultry supplies, boxes, cabinet making, boot and shoe findings, conduits, dairy, poultry and apiary supplies and hundreds of other uses.

_{Tongue and Groove pine flooring}

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Western White Pine (trade)

• Norway Western White Pine (trade)

• Finger-cone Pine (Calif.)

• Silver Pine (Northwest States)

• Idaho White Pine (trade)

• Soft Pine (Calif.)

• Little Sugar Pine (Calif.)

• Soft Idaho White Pine (trade)

• Mountain Pine (Calif.)

• Western White Pine

• Mountain Weymouth Pine

• White Pine (Calif., Nev., Oreg.)

Growth Range

The growth range of Western White Pine extends from the southern region of British Columbia southward along the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada's through Washington and Oregon to central California, and eastward into western Montana and northern Idaho. The heaviest stands are found in northern Idaho, eastern Washington and western Montana.

The Wood

The heartwood of Western White Pine is very light cream to light reddish brown or yellow to orange color, and like the Eastern White Pine darkens somewhat on exposure. The sapwood is narrow to medium wide and a nearly white to pale yellowish white. The wood is straight-grained, resin ducts are small, numerous and conspicuous. The rays are very fine and not visible to the naked eye. It is moderately stiff but rather weak, moderately soft, straight, even-grained, very uniform in texture, very free from resin, light weight and easily worked. Glues and holds paint very well and does not easily split in nailing. When well seasoned the wood stays in place and shrinks very little.

_{221. Pinus Monticola, Dougl. by Romeyn B. Hough}

This lumber has the same uses as Eastern White Pine and is in great demand for pattern making, this being the standard species for this purpose; building construction, matches, fixtures, cabinets, sash, doors, interior trim, boxes, crates and other containers, toys, dairy and poultry supplies, turned articles, and endless other uses where a soft wood of straight grain, non-porous and uniform texture is desired.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Sugar Pine (Calif., Oreg.)

• Big Pine

• California Sugar Pine (Calif., lit.)

• Gigantic Pine (Calif., lit.)

• Great Sugar Pine

• Little Sugar Pine

• Purple-coned Sugar Pine (Calif., lit.)

• Shade Pine (Calif.) 

_{Female Sugar Pine Cones}

_{Sugar Pine Cones, old open seed cones}

Growth Range

The growth range of Sugar Pine extends from the Coast and Cascade mountain regions of southern Oregon along the western slopes of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevadas of California into Lower California in Mexico. The heaviest stands and largest trees are found in northern California on the west slope of the Sierra Nevadas at elevations from 4,000 to 7,000 feet.

The Wood

The heartwood of Sugar Pine is light creamy-tan or buff to pale reddish-brown, much lighter in color than the Eastern and Western White Pines. It is, however, frequently discolored with sap stain. The sapwood is medium wide and a creamy-white color. The wood is straight and even-grained, moderately soft, not stiff, relatively coarse but uniform in texture, pleasantly fragrant, non-porus with numerous, conspicuous, small resin ducts which give it a distinctive figure on flat—grain surfaces. When freshly cut small quantities of a sugary gum are exuded. It is easily seasoned without warping or checking, easily worked with tools, glues and holds paint well, does not easily split when nailed, and stays in place very well.

_{Pinus Lambertiana Dougl. by Romeyn B. Hough}

Uses

This wood ranks very well with the beautiful White Pines in hundreds of uses, although it is coarser textured. It is one of our finest pines for pattern making because of the increasing scarcity of Northern White Pine, sash, doors, interior and exterior trim, siding, furniture, cabinets, chests, boxes, crates, musical instruments, scientific instruments, shade and map rollers, signs, toys, ship and general construction work.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

_{Pinyon Pine cones}

_{Pinyon Pine tree bark}

Common Names in Use

• Pinyon (Tex., Colo.)

• Pinon Pine (Colo.)

• New Mexican Pinon (lit)

• Pitch Pine (Utah.)

• Nut Pine (Tex., Colo.)

• Scrub Pine (Colo.)

Growth Range

The growth range of Pinyon Pine extends from southwestern Wyoming southward through Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico into northern Mexico, and southwestern Texas. Usually this tree is found in open stands and scattered groves along mountain slopes and canyon sides at elevations of from 5000 to 8000 feet.

The Wood

The wood is moderately soft, with resin ducts well scattered, appearing as tiny specks. The heartwood is a pale creamy brown-tan frequently with a slight reddish tinge while the sap-wood is relatively wide and somewhat lighter in color. Because of the many limbs it is usually knotty, is a little cross-grained and does not split easily. It is not easily nailed, but holds nails and screws well. When properly seasoned the wood stays in place well and shrinks very little.

_{Pinyon Pine Lumber}

Uses

This pine is used locally in Utah, Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico for fence posts, telephone poles, mine logging, charcoal and general construction. It is different in texture from other yellow pines with which it is sometimes confused.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Norway Pine (trade)

• Pig Iron Pine (Minn.)

• Canadian Pine(Eng., trade)

• Pitch Pine (Can.)

• Canadian Red Pine (Eng.)

• Pig Iron Norway (Me.,Minn.)

• Hard Pine (Wis., Me., trade)

• Quebec Pine (Eng., trade)

• Norway (trade)

• Red Deal (Eng., trade)

• Norway Pine (Me., N.H., Vt., Mass., N.Y., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ontario., hort. and trade)

• Red Pine (Vt., N.H., N.Y., Wis., Minn., Ontario., hort. and trade)

• Shellbark Norway (Minn.)

• Northern Pine (trade)

• Yellow Deal (Eng., trade)

Growth Range

The growth range of Red Pine is from Minnesota and adjacent parts of southern Canada, through Wisconsin, Michigan, the northeast corner of Ohio eastward through Pennsylvania and the northeastern states. Scattered groves may be found as far southward as West Virginia.

The Wood

Red Pine heartwood is a pale very light red orange brown or light pinkish tan, while the sapwood is moderately wide and a creamy light yellow or nearly white color. The wood is straight-grained, medium-textured, moderately soft, non-porous, and heavier than White Pine. Distinctive rings give it a slight figure. It has small resin ducts, is strong, rather stiff and has a prominent resinous odor. It is easily worked with tools and has an “oily” feel in handling. The wood nails easily without splitting and stays in place with little shrinkage when properly seasoned.

The Wood

Red Pine heartwood is a pale very light red orange brown or light pinkish tan, while the sapwood is moderately wide and a creamy light yellow or nearly white color. The wood is straight-grained, medium-textured, moderately soft, non-porous, and heavier than White Pine. Distinctive rings give it a slight figure. It has small resin ducts, is strong, rather stiff and has a prominent resinous odor. It is easily worked with tools and has an “oily” feel in handling. The wood nails easily without splitting and stays in place with little shrinkage when properly seasoned.

_{Red Pine wood}

Uses

This wood is commercially important for sash, doors, flooring, interior and exterior trim, cabin logs, hewed and sawed railroad ties, ship construction, general millwork and general construction, box car construction, agricultural implements, wooden ware, toys and other uses similar to Eastern White Pine. It is also used for “knotty pine” finishing and for paper pulp.

_{Red Pine flooring}

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA

Common Names in Use

• Ponderosa Pine (trade)

• Oregon Pine (trade)

• Arizona Soft Pine (trade)

• Oregon White Pine (trade)

• Arizona White Pine (trade)

• Pitch Pine

• Big Pine (Mont.)

• Ponderosa Pine (trade)

• Bull Pine (Calif., Wash., Utah., Red Pine Idaho, Oreg., Colo.)

• Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine (lit.)

• California WhitePine (trade)

• Foothills Yellow Pine

• “Gambler Parry’s Pine” (Eng., lit.)

• Heavy Pine (Calif.)

• Heavy-wooded Pine (Eng.)

• Sierra Brownbark Pine (lit.)

• Western Pine (trade)

• Western Pitch Pine

• Western Soft Pine (trade)

• Western White Pine (trade)

_{Ponderosa Pine cone}

_{Stately Ponderosa Pine}

Growth Range

Ponderosa Pine grows in quite open park-like stands from British Columbia southward into northern Mexico and from the Rocky Mountains of Montana to western Texas. It is found in every State west of the Great Plains, on well-drained slopes up to elevations of 12,000 feet.

The Wood

Ponderosa Pine wood varies considerably in texture, resin content and color, depending upon location and forest environment. It is strong, moderately hard, fine straight-grained, light in weight, not stiff, very uniform but somewhat coarse in texture and more or less resinous. The heartwood is light yellowish tan-red to reddish Or orange-brown with a moderately wide sapwood of pale yellow to nearly white. It is easily glued and worked with tools and takes a good finish. The wood stays in place with little shrinkage when well seasoned.

Uses

This pine provides high grade lumber in great quantity for general use ranging from high quality mill work and cabinet work to rough construction; sash, doors, mouldings, blinds, interior trim, paneling, boxes, fruit crates, caskets, furniture, fixtures, toys, dairy and poultry supplies, pattern making and many other important uses of softwoods, ranking high with the White Pines in this respect.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Lodgepole Pine (Wyo., Wash., Mont., Idaho., Colo.)

• Prickly Pine (Utah)

• Sand Pine (Oreg)

• Birdseye Pine (Idaho., Wyo.)

• Scrub Pine

• Black Pine (Wyo., Mont.)

• Shore Pine (lit)

• Bolander’s Pine

• Spruce Pine (Colo., Idaho., Mont.)

• Henderson’s Pine

• Tamarack Pine (Calif., Wash.)

• Jack Pine (Colo.)

• Tamarack (Wyo., Utah., Mont., Calif., and trade)

• Knotty Pine

• Murray Pine (Calif., lit.)

• Twisted Pine (Eastern States)

• North Coast Scrub Pine (Calif., lit.)

• White Pine (Mont., Colo.)

_{Fox Tail Pine (left), Lodgepole Pine (right)}

_{Lodgepole Pine Cone}

Growth Range

The growth range of Lodgepole Pine is from southern Alaska, western Canada southward through Washington, Oregon and California and eastward into most of the Rocky Mountain region as far south as New Mexico and northern Utah.

The Wood

The heartwood varies in color from a light yellow to a creamy yellowish light brown-tan sometimes having a reddish tinge, while the sapwood is narrow and nearly white. The wood is moderately hard, stiff, straight grained, medium fine-textured, and brittle. It contains numerous fine resin ducts which exude resin. It is easy to work, glues well and holds paint reasonably well. The tangential surfaces frequently have a “dimpled” or pebbled appearance resembling “bird’s-eye” because of which it is sometimes called Bird’s-eye Pine.

_{Lodgepole Pine wood}

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

_{Loblolly Pine bark}

_{Loblolly Pine cone}

Common Names in Use

• Loblolly Pine (Del., Va., N.C., S.C.,Ga., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark.)

• Foxtail Pine (Va., Md.)

• Frankincense Pine (lit)

• Heart Pine (N.C.)

• Arkansas Pine (Trade)

• Indian Pine (Va., N.C.)

• Bastard Pine (Va., N.C.)

• Lobby Pine (Va.)

• Black Pine (Va., N.C., Ga.)

• Longleaf Pine (Md., Va., N.C.)

• Bog Pine (N.C.)

• Black Slash Pine (S.C.)

• Longschat Pine (Del.)

• Buckskin Pine (La., Miss.)

• Longshucks (Md., Va.)

• Bull Pine (Tex. and Gulf region, Md., Ark.)

• Old Field Pine (most southern states)

• Cornstalk Pine (Va.)

• Shortleaf Pine (Va, N.C., S.C., La.)

• Longstraw Pine (Va., N.C. in part)

• Maiden Pine (N.C.)

• Shortstraw Pine

• Meadow Pine (Fla)

• Slash Pine (Va., N.C. in part)

• North Carolina Pine (trade)

• Southern Pine (trade)

• Oldfield Pine (Del.,Va., N.C., S.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Ark.)

• Spruce Pine (Va. in part)

• Torch Pine (Eng., lit.)

• Swamp Pine (Va., N.C.)

• Prop Pine (Mt., Va.)

• Virginia Pine (trade)

• Rosemary Pine (Va., N.C. in part)

• Sap Pine (eastern trade)

• Sap Pine (Va., N.C.)

• Yellow Pine (north Ala., N.C., Ark.)

Growth Range

The growth range of Loblolly Pine extends along the Atlantic coastal plain from southern Delaware southward to the northern half of Florida, and westward to eastern Texas and southern Arkansas.

The Wood

The wood of Loblolly Pine is resinous, non-porous, strong, moderately hard, medium heavy, stiff and straight or cross grained, uneven texture, and has distinct growth rings. The heart-wood is a light-tan or yellowish-brown,while the sapwood is three to five inches wide and a creamy-white. The wood works rather hard with tools, not easily nailed but holds nails and screws well.

Uses

Large quantities of this species are now used for paper pulp. It is an important lumber tree, the wood being used for all types of general construction, interior finish, box shooks, basket veneer, boxes, tobacco hogsheads, cooperage, mine timbers, ties and poles for which use a creosote treatment is given. It is also used for making charcoal. It does not produce sufficient resin for naval stores, although the wood is rich in resin ducts.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Pitch Pine (Vt, N.H., Mass., R.I., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Del., W.Va., N.C., S.C., Ga., Ohio, Ontario, Md., Eng.)

• Black Pine (N.C.)

• Black Norway Pine (N.Y.)

• Hard Pine (Mass.)

• Long-leaf Pine (Del.)

• Longschat Pine (Del.)

• Mountain Pine (N.C.)

• Pennsylvania Yellow Pine (Pa.)

• Red Pine (N.Y.)

• Ridge Pine (N.C.)

• Rigid Pine (Eng., lit.)

• Sap Pine (lit)

• Shortleaf Pine (Ga.)

• Southern Pine (Trade)

• Southern Yellow Pine

• Yellow Pine (Pa., Ga.)

_{Pitch Pine bark}

_{Pitch Pine cone}

Growth Range

The growth range of Pitch Pine extends from Maine southward along the slopes of the Allegheny Mountains to northern Georgia, and westward from New York to the eastern Great Lakes region, thence southward through eastern Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee.

The Wood

The wood of the Pitch Pine has a very high resin content, is coarse-grained, soft, non-porous, brittle, and has a reddish-yellow heartwood. The sapwood is wide, light yellow or nearly white in color and is very susceptible to blue stain in seasoning.

Uses

The lumber of the Pitch Pine is usually marketed with the other pines, particularly the southern pines. It is used for rough general construction, fencing, paper pulp, boxes, crating, railroad ties and other general uses. It is somewhat “gummy” to work with because of the heavy pitch content, but takes paint well.

_{Pitch Pine flooring}

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Virginia Pine (Md.,Va., N.C., trade)

• Alligator Pine (N.C.)

• Black Pine (Ga)

• Cedar Pine (N.C.)

• Hickory Pine (N.C.)

• Jersey Pine (N.I., Pa., Del., N.C., S.C.)

• New Jersey Pine (lit.)

• Nigger Pine (Tenn,, Ga.)

• North Carolina Pine (N.C.)

• Poverty Pine

• River Pine (N.C.)

• Scrub Pine (R.I., N.Y., Pa., Del., N.C., S.C., Ohio)

• Shortschat Pine (Del.)

• Shortleaved (N. C.)

• Spruce (Ga.)

• Spruce Pine (N.I., Md., Va., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Ala.)

_{Virginia Pine Pollen Cone}

_{Virginia Pine Tree Bark}

Growth Range

The growth range of Virginia Pine extends from Long Island and the south half of Pennsylvania southward to central Georgia and westward across the Allegheny Mountains to southern Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, central Alabama, and northeastern Mississippi.

The Wood

The heartwood of the Vinginia Pine is a light orange to yellow-tan, soft, light, coarse-grained, brittle and generally quite knotty. It is non-porous and considerably resinous.

Uses

This pine, although containing considerable resin, is increasingly used for paper pulp, mine props, piling, railroad ties and lumber for general construction. Tar and charcoal are also made from it.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Shortleaf Pine (Va., Md., Ga., trade)

• Arkansas Shortleaf Pine (trade)

• Arkansas Soft Pine (trade)

• Bull Pine (Va.)

• Carolina Pine (N.C. and Va. in part)

• Forest Pine (N.C.)

• North Carolina Pine (N.C. and Va. in part; trade)

• North Carolina Yellow Pine (N.C. and Va. in part)

• Oldfield Pine (N.C., Ala., Miss.)

• Pitch Pine (Mo.)

• Poor Pine (Fla.)

• Rosemary (La., Tex.)

• Rosemary Pine and Rosemary Shortleaf (N.C.)

• Shortleaved Pine (N.C., S.C., Ga., Ala., Miss., Fla., La., Tex., Ark.)

• Shortleaved Yellow Pine (trade)

• Shortschat Pine (Del.)

• Southern Yellow Pine (trade)

• Spruce Pine (Del., Miss., Ark.)

• Virginia Yellow Pine (Va. in part)

• Yellow Pine (N.Y., N.J., Pa., Del., Va., N.C., Ala., Miss., La., Ark., Ma., Ill., Ind.)

_{Shortleaft Pine Tree Bark}

_{Shortleaf Pine Cones}

Growth Range

The Shortleaf Pine is found from Long Island southward to northern Florida, throughout most of the southeastern States, westward through the eastern half of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, in the southern section of Missouri and the eastern section of Oklahoma and Texas.

The Wood

The wood is moderately hard, stiff, strong, non-porous, and has a straight prominent grain with an attractive figure for a pine. The heartwood varies in shades of orange and yellow to reddish light brown in which the growth rings show very prominently with narrow sapwood of nearly white to yellowish or orange-white. It is one of the “hard” pines and somewhat difficult to distinguish from other southern pines. In common with all the pines it is easily worked with tools but the Shortleaf Pine has a rather exceptional pine figure depending upon the type of cut. It has little resin content. The wood holds nails and screws reasonably well, but shrinks a little more than the northern pines.

Uses

Shortleaf Pine is used extensively in building construction, sash, doors, frames, interior and exterior trim, “knotty pine” finishing, weather-boarding, wainscoting, boxes, crates, excelsior, agricultural implements, some grades of furniture, cooperage stock, caskets, woodenware, toys, and to some extent for carving and general carpentry purposes. It is also used for paper pulp and, when creosoted,for poles.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA 

Common Names in Use

• Jack Pine(Mich., Minn., Wis., Ontario)

• Gray Pine (Vt., Minn., Mich., trade)

• Black Jack Pine (Wis.)

• Hudson Bay Pine (trade)

• Black Pine (Minn.)

• “Juniper” (Canada)

• Banksian Pine (lit.)

• Northern Scrub Pine (lit.)

• Canada Horncone

• Pine (Calif., lit.)

• Princess Pine (Ontario)

• Check Pine

• Cypress (Quebec and Hudson Bay)

• Scrub Pine (Me., Vt., N.Y., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ontario)

• Sir Joseph Banks Pine (Eng.)

_{Jack Pine Tree Bark}

_{Jack Pine Cone}

Growth Range

The growth range of Jack Pine extends from Nova Scotia and Quebec to Mackenzie, throughout northern New England, northeastern New York and to the Lake States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana.

The Wood

Jack Pine wood is brittle but comparatively weak, light in weight, soft in texture and close-grained. The heartwood is a light brown-tan with a thick whitish sapwood. Its workability is similar to other pines.

_{99. Pinus Banksiana (Lambert) by Romeyn B. Hough}

Uses

It now has important commercial use as paper pulp. The numerous knots make it useful for “knotty pine" interior finishes. Increasing amounts of lumber are produced from Jack Pine. It resembles Red Pine, but is more knotty. This lumber is now used for boxes, crates, siding, rough construction and slack cooperage.

Bibliography

Shelley E. Schoonover (American Woods) 1951 (Watling & Co. ) Santa Monica, CA